Colposcopy: What Women Need to Know About This Cervical Exam
Women experiencing unexplained vaginal bleeding, unusual cervical lesions, or abnormal Pap smear results may undergo a colposcopy. This procedure, performed in a doctor's office, uses a colposcope to examine the cervix, vagina, and vulva. It may also involve a biopsy, which carries risks such as heavy bleeding, fever, infection, and pelvic pain.
A colposcopy is recommended when a Pap smear indicates abnormal cell changes. It helps diagnose conditions like abnormal cervical cells, precancer or cancer of the cervix, vagina, or vulva, genital warts, and cervicitis. During the procedure, a speculum is inserted into the vagina, and the cervix and vagina are swabbed with vinegar to highlight abnormal cells. If abnormal areas are spotted, a tissue sample may be taken for examination.
The procedure is typically quick, taking 10 to 20 minutes and requiring no anesthetic. However, it's important to prepare by avoiding douching, using tampons, or having sexual intercourse for 24 to 48 hours beforehand. If a biopsy is taken, a solution may be applied to control bleeding, causing a dark discharge afterwards.
Colposcopy is a useful tool for evaluating cervical health, but it carries some risks. Women should discuss these potential complications with their healthcare provider and follow their advice for post-procedure care.
