Genetic Silencing Through RNA Interference: A Scientific Solution for Responses
Genetic engineering has a long history in Aotearoa New Zealand, dating back to the 70s. It's used in labs, field tests, certain medicines, research, and science courses, all under strict control. The Environmental Risk Management Authority is the one who grants permission for anyone to import, develop, test, or release a genetically modified organism.
New Zealand's regulations on genetic engineering are among the strictest worldwide, balancing health, environment, and production opportunities – both genetically modified and non-modified. In 2019, the Royal Society Te Apārangi released reports on gene editing scenarios and regulations. They suggested an overhaul of the regulations and urged wide discussions and debates about gene editing within and across all New Zealand communities. They also emphasized the need for New Zealand to develop its own perspective, given the country's unique cultural heritage and environment, and the challenges faced in preserving biodiversity.
Now, let's dive into the fascinating world of RNA Interference (RNAi). This gene technology has the potential to help with the annoying pest control issues in Aotearoa, such as varroa and myrtle rust. It's already being trialled in the US to manage varroa mites and in Australia to slow the spread of myrtle rust.
The BioHeritage National Science Challenge, whose mission was to protect and manage biodiversity and biosecurity from 2014 to 2024, recognized the potential utility of gene technologies in pest eradication. Science plays multiple roles – building knowledge, addressing societal issues, and informing policy.
In this activity, students explore personal, societal, and science perspectives and form science-informed responses to the use of RNAi as a method of pest control. By the end, they should be able to understand the basics of genetic technologies, threats posed by varroa and myrtle rust, te ao Māori perspectives on gene technologies for pest control, public perspectives on the benefits and risks associated with gene technologies, and use concept cartoons to justify their positions.
There are many resources available to aid understanding – from biology basics to perspectives from te ao Māori. Remember, the use of RNAi is a complex issue that touches on a range of viewpoints. It's crucial to consider all sides and make well-justified decisions.
Currently, RNAi regulations in Aotearoa are a subject of debate and change, reflecting both international trends and domestic concerns. RNAi-based pest control is regulated under the Hazardous Substances and New Organisms (HSNO) Act but lacks specific rules.
Recently, legislative proposals have aimed to deregulate gene editing and RNAi applications, sparking controversy among environmental and health groups. Critics argue that this would make New Zealand a global outlier, weakening protections for people and the environment. The rapid drafting of these bills and limited public consultation has also been criticized.
New Zealand is exploring policy updates similar to those in Australia, where new breeding techniques like RNAi and genome editing may soon be regulated less strictly if proven to pose no greater risk than traditional methods. However, concerns remain about risk assessments, public consultation, economic, cultural, and environmental implications, and regulatory clarity and duplication.
- Science can provide insights into medical-conditions, such as the use of RNA Interference (RNAi) in managing pests like varroa and myrtle rust, which have significant impacts on health-and-wellness in Aotearoa New Zealand.
- As the regulations on RNAi in Aotearoa are under debate and subject to change, it is essential to consider various perspectives, including those from health, environment, and cultural groups, before making any decisions that may have broader implications for the country's unique biodiversity and cultural heritage.
