Hematocrit Measurement: A Look at Its Purpose, Average Values, and Abnormal Ranges
In our bodies, hematocrit plays a crucial role in carrying oxygen to our cells. This article aims to shed light on what hematocrit is, what causes high and low levels, and the symptoms to watch out for.
Hematocrit, or HCT, is the percentage of red blood cells in the blood relative to the whole blood. Normal hematocrit levels range between 40% and 54% for men and 37% and 47% for women. However, mild anemia is more common in females, pregnant people, and older adults, which may cause their hematocrit levels to fall below the normal range [1].
Low hematocrit levels can result from various conditions and lifestyle factors. Common causes include anemia (due to iron deficiency, vitamin deficiencies, or chronic diseases), chronic kidney disease (decreased erythropoietin production), bone marrow disorders (like leukemia or aplastic anemia), hemolysis (increased red blood cell breakdown), and blood loss from trauma or surgery [1]. Symptoms associated with low hematocrit typically include fatigue, weakness, dizziness, shortness of breath, and tiredness due to reduced oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood [1][2].
On the other hand, high hematocrit levels can result from dehydration, polycythemia vera (a bone marrow disorder producing excess red blood cells), chronic hypoxia conditions such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or living at high altitudes, and smoking (due to carbon monoxide exposure prompting increased red blood cell production) [2]. Common symptoms of high hematocrit may include headache, dizziness, fatigue and weakness, shortness of breath, skin discoloration (cyanosis), and vision problems caused by increased blood viscosity and impaired blood flow [3].
It's essential to note that specific age-related reference ranges and considerations should be applied when interpreting hematocrit levels. A doctor should perform regular hematocrit tests for people receiving treatment that affects their red blood cell count, such as chemotherapy and treatments for polycythemia and anemia [1].
When experiencing symptoms of high or low hematocrit levels, it's crucial to consult a doctor. Symptoms may include fatigue, weakness, vision problems, and dizziness [1][2][3].
A complete blood count (CBC) involves tests such as red blood cell count, reticulocyte count, analysis of hemoglobin levels, mean corpuscular volume, white blood cell tests, and platelet tests. Doctors test hematocrit levels to diagnose certain health conditions or monitor aspects of treatment as part of a CBC [1].
Polycythemia, a condition characterised by an excess of red blood cells, cannot be cured, but treatment focuses on symptom management to avoid stroke and deep vein thrombosis [1]. An adequate amount of red blood cells is essential to keep the body's processes running smoothly.
Red blood cells transport oxygen around the body and give blood its characteristic red color. They contain hemoglobin, a protein that binds to oxygen molecules [1]. Anemia, a condition characterised by a decrease in the number of red blood cells or hemoglobin, can be associated with nutrient deficiencies, chronic bleeding, bone marrow disorders, cancer, kidney failure, thalassemia, sickle cell anemia, autoimmune conditions, and genetic diseases [1].
In summary, hematocrit levels play a vital role in our health, and understanding what causes high and low levels can help us maintain optimal health. If you experience symptoms of high or low hematocrit, consult a doctor for proper diagnosis and treatment.
- Psoriatic arthritis, an autoimmune disease, can lead to low hematocrit levels due to chronic inflammation affecting the bone marrow.
- Depression, a mental health condition, is often comorbid with chronic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes, obesity, and multiple sclerosis, affecting hematocrit levels and overall health.
- Macular degeneration, a type of age-related degeneration in the eye, may indirectly impact hematocrit levels through individuals' lack of physical activity due to vision problems.
- Bipolar disorder, a mental health condition characterized by extreme mood swings, can lead to lifestyle factors, such as poor sleep and unhealthy diet, contributing to obesity and insulin resistance, affecting hematocrit levels.
- Arthritis, a group of conditions affecting the joints, can cause anemia due to chronic inflammation, iron deficiency, or medication side effects, thus impacting hematocrit levels.
- Type 2 diabetes, a chronic disease associated with obesity and insulin resistance, can lead to various complications, including peripheral artery disease, which may cause decreased hematocrit levels.
- Obesity, a state of excessive body fat, is a risk factor for several chronic diseases, including diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and sleep apnea, indirectly affecting hematocrit levels due to these complications.
- Age-related macular degeneration and multiple sclerosis are examples of age-related chronic diseases that can impact hematocrit levels, as they may lead to anemia, chronic kidney disease, or other complications.
- Scientific research in the field of health and wellness is crucial to develop predictive models for sickle cell anemia and its effects on hematocrit levels, potentially leading to improved treatments and management strategies.
- In addition to hematocrit, other medical conditions, such as COPD, NSCLC (non-small cell lung cancer), and diabetes, may affect the body's AQ (air quality), potentially impacting hematocrit levels through systemic inflammation, hypoxia, or other mechanisms.
