Inherited or Genetic Stomach Cancer: An Examination

Genetic predisposition to stomach cancer: An exploration

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2025 August 27 . 2:39 PM

2 min read

Inherited or Genetic Risk Factors for Stomach Cancer?

Inherited or Genetic Stomach Cancer: An Examination

Stomach cancer, also known as gastric cancer, can have various causes, and one of the most significant factors is genetics. A common genetic syndrome associated with an increased risk of stomach cancer is hereditary diffuse gastric cancer (HDGC), caused mainly by mutations in the CDH1 gene.

The CDH1 gene encodes E-cadherin, a protein essential for cell adhesion. Loss-of-function mutations in CDH1 significantly raise the risk of diffuse-type gastric cancer and are inherited in an autosomal dominant manner. Families with several members diagnosed with diffuse gastric cancer before age 50 or with multiple cases overall are suspected to carry this syndrome.

Other hereditary syndromes and genes may also increase gastric cancer risk, although the CDH1 mutation is the best characterized. For example, Lynch syndrome (hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer, HNPCC) is linked to mutations affecting DNA mismatch repair genes. Primarily associated with colorectal and endometrial cancers, Lynch syndrome can also increase the risk of gastric cancer.

Individuals with a family history of HDGC should consider genetic testing. People with a CDH1 gene mutation face up to a 70% risk of developing stomach cancer. In such cases, doctors may suggest a total gastrectomy as a preventive measure.

It's important to note that stomach cancer is not exclusively hereditary. Other risk factors include being overweight or obese, eating too little fiber, too much salt, and too much processed or smoked foods, alcohol use, tobacco use, Helicobacter pylori infection, adenomatous polyps, pernicious anemia, Menetrier disease, a history of stomach surgery, and certain demographic factors such as age and gender.

However, adopting a healthy lifestyle can help reduce the risk of stomach cancer. A balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and fiber, regular exercise, and reducing or eliminating tobacco and alcohol use are all beneficial.

Stomach cancer is more common in older non-Hispanic white males. Ethnicity is a significant demographic factor, with it being more common among non-Hispanic white people in the United States.

In conclusion, while genetics play a significant role in the development of stomach cancer, lifestyle choices and regular check-ups can help mitigate the risks. For those with a family history of HDGC, genetic testing is crucial for early detection and preventive measures.