Skin Cancer in America: Types, Symptoms, and Prevention
Skin cancer, the most prevalent cancer in the U.S., affects about 1 in 5 Americans. It's divided into types based on the skin cells it affects, with symptoms varying. The most common risk factor is chronic exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun.
The most common type, basal cell carcinoma, impacts about 3.3 million Americans annually. It typically appears as a raised, pearly or waxy pink bump, often with a dimple in the middle, caused by UV light exposure. Squamous cell carcinoma, the second most common, usually manifests as red, scaly, and rough skin sores on sun-exposed areas. It can also appear darker or pigmented in people with darker skin.
Melanoma, the most dangerous form, makes up about 1 percent of skin cancers but accounts for most deaths. It can start anywhere on the body, even in areas not typically exposed to the sun. Kaposi's sarcoma, a less common type, involves skin lesions that are brownish-red to blue in color, usually found on the legs, feet, and face. It's caused by a type of herpes virus in people with weakened immune systems.
Actinic keratosis, a pre-cancerous growth, appears as a rough patch of skin, often pink, red, or flesh-colored. It's caused by chronic UV light exposure and is more common in older men with fair skin living close to the equator.
Preventive measures, such as wearing sunscreen and limiting sun exposure, can help prevent all types of skin cancer. Most share common risk factors, including prolonged exposure to UV rays, being over 40, having a fair complexion, and being immunocompromised. If you notice any unusual skin changes, consult a healthcare professional immediately.
