Understanding Canker Sores: An Overview
Canker sores, also known as aphthous ulcers, are small, painful lesions that can develop in the soft tissues of the mouth. They can appear on the inside of the cheeks, gums, tongue, and even the roof of the mouth.
These sores are common, particularly among adolescents and young adults, and women are more likely to develop them. Symptoms include a burning or tingling sensation, painful ulcers, swelling, and difficulty eating or speaking.
Hormonal changes, especially during menstruation, may increase susceptibility to canker sores. Certain foods, such as citrus fruits, chocolate, and spicy dishes, can irritate the mouth and provoke canker sores. Allergies and sensitivities to certain foods or substances can also trigger canker sores. Common allergens include chocolate, citrus fruits, spicy foods, and nuts.
Poor oral hygiene can contribute to the development of canker sores. Smoking and tobacco use can irritate the oral mucosa, leading to inflammation and potential ulceration. Medical conditions such as celiac disease, inflammatory bowel disease, and HIV/AIDS can increase the likelihood of developing canker sores.
Diagnosing canker sores typically involves a visual examination by a healthcare professional. Minor canker sores are the most common type, usually small and heal within one to two weeks without scarring. Major canker sores are larger and deeper, taking several weeks to heal and may leave scars.
Herpetiform canker sores are less common and appear as clusters of tiny sores. They can be quite painful and may take longer to heal. Conditions like celiac disease, inflammatory bowel disease, or autoimmune disorders may also play a role in the development of canker sores.
Treatment options for canker sores range from home remedies to over-the-counter medications and prescription treatments. Home remedies for canker sores include saltwater rinse, baking soda paste, honey, aloe vera, and saltwater gargles. Over-the-counter treatments for canker sores include topical analgesics, oral rinses, and medicated gels.
Prescription treatments for severe cases or recurrent canker sores may include topical corticosteroids, oral medications, and immunosuppressants. When to seek medical advice includes if the sores persist for more than two weeks, severe pain interferes with daily activities, an unusual number of sores appear at once, difficulty swallowing or breathing, or if the sores are unusually large or painful.
Preventive measures for canker sores include maintaining good oral hygiene, managing stress, and avoiding trigger foods. It's essential to consult a healthcare professional if you suspect you have canker sores, especially if they are severe or persistent, to ensure proper diagnosis and treatment.
